Family Assessment Comparison - 793 Words

Different assessment examines different features of an individual, or similar assessments examine similar features in different ways. Three assessments that regard family conditions and that are considered important are, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES III), the Family Assessment Device (FAD), and the Self-report Family Inventory (SFI). When completing the assessments and interpreting the results, I realized that there were various accurate elements I always saw in my family, and now they were proved over a simple questionnaire. However, some other elements, I found a little bit confusing, and I am still not so sure whether they are that accurate. The Self-Report Family Inventory’s (SFI’s) purpose, is to†¦show more content†¦The FACE III assessment is divided into two main parts, and each part subdivides into 20 questions related to Cohesion and Adaptability in the Family. All answers are asked to be numbered from 1 to 5 with 5 indicating ‘ALMOST ALWAYS’ while 1 indicated ‘ALMOST NEVER’. The first part of the assessment included questions that DESCRIBE the family environment and structure in terms of Cohesion and Adaptability, while the second part of the assessment contained the same questions but the respondent is asked to answer as to how the IDEAL family would be for him. The structure of the FACE III is similar to that of SFI. FAD on the other hand, contains 53 unit questions which fall into 7 categories Problem Solving, Communication, Roles, Affective Responsiveness, Affective Involvement, Behavior Control, and General Family Functioning. The answers ranged from Strongly Agree, which was represented with number 4, to Strongly Disagree which was represented with number 1. Some of the questions on the assessments are similar or examine the same things like for example on the FACES ‘family members feel very close to each other’, is formulated in the SFI as ‘there is a closeness in my family but each person is allowed to be special and different’, while in the FAD it is delivered as ‘we cannot talk to each other for the sadness we feel’. Another example is the question ‘we accept each other’s friends’ – SFI, ‘we approve of each other’s friends’. FACES – ‘family members consult otherShow MoreRelatedHeritage Assessment968 Words   |  4 PagesHeritage Assessment Angel S. Winnie Grand Canyon University: NRS429V May 17, 2013 Heritage Assessment The heritage assessment tool is a checklist used by professionals to gain knowledge of patient’s culture and beliefs prior to initiating care. (Spector, 2000). There are many different cultures in this country, brining different beliefs in health, illness, recovery, death, and life. The heritage assessment tool is an important measure towards better understanding of cultural competency,Read MoreEvaluation Of Lesson Assessments:. †¢ The First Assessment1388 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluation of Lesson Assessments: †¢ The first assessment is an informal assessment and it addresses objective three. It does not however, provide much insight as to if the students are accomplishing objective two. Also, I do not think that there is enough class discussion about the contrast of roles of family members, historical fiction, and memoirs to gain much of an understanding about where the students are with their learning. †¢ The T-Chart assessment is well thought out. However, there isRead MoreHeritage Assessment1510 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Heritage Assessment: Comparing Cultural Health Traditions Monica V. Poehner Grand Canyon University: Family Centered Health Promotion November 16, 2013 Heritage Assessment: Comparing Cultural Health Traditions Culture and heritage are the properties that make up a way of life for a specific population. As referenced by South African History Online (n.d.), â€Å"Culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of societyRead MoreHigh School System Essay951 Words   |  4 Pagesperformance on these assessments. Ostensibly, the purpose of ranking schools served to identify the lowest-performing school districts so that state governing agencies have the ability to target limited resources to help districts most in need, and identify the highest-performing districts to serve as models of effective practice. In addition to state departments of education, media outlets regularly use district-level performance on standardized lists such as the SAT, National Assessment of EducationalRead MoreTelemetry 1011124 Words   |  5 Pages[pic] Movie Family Analysis Submit by 2359 Sunday of Week 1. |Name: | |Date: | | Overview Choose a movie from the provided list. Watch the movie, focusing specifically on the family unit featured in the film. Compare and contrast the movie family’s characteristics and behaviors to the assessment criteria introduced in the class notes and readings from theRead MoreIntroduction To Health Assessment Module No Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesThis concept is taken from â€Å" Health assessment† module no.1:2 and entitled as â€Å" Introduction to health assessments â€Å" subtopic The Interview Introduction Collecting subjective data is an integral part of nursing health assessment. 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The physical presence test, also known as the â€Å"day test† or â€Å"time rule†, is based on theRead MoreThe Essential Of Research Pros And Cons1034 Words   |  5 PagesThe Essential of Research In â€Å"Evidence from the National Assessment of the Social Innovation Fund (SIF)†, Zhang, Griffith, Pershing, Sun, Malakoff, Marsland, Peters, and Field (2017) empathize that SIF is a most lucrative and much-needed non-profit organization to support community and society in terms of youth development, job creation, and better futures. In order to execute its plans effectively, SIC collaborates and partners with other organizations to raise funds, and human resources to improveRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Type Indicator ( Mbti ) Are Both Personality Assessments Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesBirkman Method and The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) are both personality assessments. The Birkman Method is based on the theories of Dr. Roger W. Birkman and the work of Dr. Roy B. Mefferd, Jr. and Dr. Timothy G. Sadler. The MBTI is based on the theories of Dr. Carl Gustav Jung and the work of Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers. Both are non-clinical assessments. The work ing manuals for both assessments have recognized and documented, content, construct, criterion-related validitiesRead MoreThe Decline of The U.S. Education System Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagessocieties† (www.oecd.org) In a 2009 global comparison conducted by Programme for International Assessment (PISA), the U.S. education system ranked well below countries such as Shanghai-China, Korea, and Finland. This study is conducted every three years assessing 15 year olds from 65 different countries with an evaluation of efficiency, and quality of the school systems. The 2009 survey imposed a great focus on reading but also conducted assessments in math and science as well. In response

The Death Of An Oncoming Train Essay - 1145 Words

Stepping outside, you breathe in the brisk morning air and decide to take a walk. Your path takes you around the city and you soon find yourself in a trainyard and you make your way past the rails and unhooked train cars. You pause to catch your breath and in the silence, you hear a scream. Down on the tracks below, you see multiple figures struggling, fighting against the bonds to get themselves free. You take a step forward, intent on freeing the people only to pause again as you hear the horn of an oncoming train. By the time you reach them, the train will have come and gone, leaving them a gory mess. Instead, you spot a lever to control the tracks and you rush forward to pull it. Your hand closes around it and you begin to pull it only to hear even more yelling. Another voice on the opposite side of the tracks catches your attention, screaming for you to do something, for you to save them. You begin to sweat and your hands begin to shake as the graveness of the situation suddenly dawns on you. If you don’t pull the lever, you let five people die as a result. If you do, one person still dies but you will have been the direct cause of his death. The sound of the train’s horn blares loudly as sweat drips down your face. What do you do? What is the right thing to do here? Is it right to let one person die to save five others? Who are you to decide who lives or dies? That simple but stressful analogy is referred to as the â€Å"trolley problem† (Munroe). It is aShow MoreRelatedSelf Driving Cars : Is It All Over The World?886 Words   |  4 Pagesothers can live is justified† (Newcomb, 1). The question is often presented in a riddle like fashion explaining that there is a train heading down a track towards a group of people. If the train continues in this path, the people on the track will be killed. The person in question has the chance to save all these people’s lives, but must hit a level redirecting the train onto a different path, but killing one person. Though we are not dealing with a locomotive, this is a very real situation that theseRead MoreThe Fear Of Death Is Meaningless984 Words   |  4 PagesThe fear of death is meaningless in this concept. But what are we fearing in death? Is it the unimaginable or our life afterwards? Socrates does not seem to explain this; he simply summarizes that if you lead a life, such as seeking true wisdom, the idea of fear does not exist. What completely is death? He explains it as the separation of the soul and body, but is there actually more to that? For instance, what occurs to your body once you are liberated? How can the soul be called pure if it taintedRead MoreImportance of Myrtle in The Great Gatsby Essay1205 Words   |  5 PagesOf these occurrences, one of the most influential and important incidents was the death of Myrtle Wilson.   While her life and death greatly affected the lives of all of the main and supporting characters, her death had a very significant effect on the lives of Tom, Daisy, and Gatsby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tom knew Myrtle better than any of the main characters.   He had met her on a train headed for New York.   When the train reached the city, she went with him in a taxi, and their affair began.   Tom neverRead MoreThe Book Thief Movie962 Words   |  4 PagesThe film opens with a train traveling through the European countryside. It is 1938. Liesel Meminger sits on the train with her mother and younger brother, only to look over and find that her brother dies in her mothers arms. As they bury her brother, the gravedigger drops a book and Liesel picks it up and takes it with her. It is the only left that she has to remember her brother. She is then taken to her new foster parents, Rosa and Hans Hubermann. Upon her arrival, she meets Rudy Steiner who willRead MoreJames Joyce s A Painful Case1159 Words   |  5 Pagessuggesting that she began drinking. Mrs. Sinico was killed two years later by an oncoming train, as she was on the tracks at the time. Her death could, arguably, be caused by Mr. Duffy s harsh break of their affair. Mr. Duffy was able to recognize his part in her death, as she was a catalyst for emotion in his life and he was a catalyst that made her devoid of emotion in her own life. Mrs. Sinico s cause of death was remarked as likely being, due to shock and sudden failure of the heart s actionsRead MoreSnows of Kilimanjaro Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pagesattributes nearly all symbols in the novel to death itself, with close relation to the hyena, the vultures, and the other horrible creatures. â€Å"He is prepared to use, where they conform to the requirements of an imaginary situation, any of the more ancient symbols—whether the threes and nines of numerology, or the weight of the Cross in Christian legend. But the scythe and the skull, though ancient enough, simply do not fit the pattern of Harrys death and are therefore rejected in favor of the foulRead MoreMoral Wisdom Seems to Be as Little Connected to Knowledge of Ethical Theory as Playing Good Tennis Is to Knowledge of Physics (Emrys Westacott). to What Extent Should Our Actions Be Guided by Our Theories in Ethics and Elsewhere?1737 Words   |  7 Pagesmight not only apply moral rules inconsistently, but also hold inconsistent principles. To illustrate the plausibility of the ethnic thesis, let us take a look at one such thought experiment-trolley problem: A trolley (i.e. in British English a train) is running out of control down a track. In its path are five people who have been tied to the track by a mad philosopher. Fortunately, you could flip a switch, which will lead the trolley down a different track to safety. Unfortunately, thereRead MoreEconomic, Social, and Political Problems in the Post-Civil War era1185 Words   |  5 Pagesmany trains from moving. Trains were the main means of shipping almost any goods, which meant that anything needed to be shipped either arrived late and in smaller quantities, or was never received at all. The government soon became frustrated and sent in militia units to restore order, but the men refused to use force against the workers. Then the governors sent out regiments of the National Guard, who were attacked by citizens as they marched down the roads. These riots caused several deaths andRead MoreEssay on Use of Technology in Fire Safety Education1446 Words   |  6 PagesUse of Technology in Fire Safety Education Every year 5,000 lives are taken due to fire in the homes. Many of these deaths may have been prevented. Fire not only claims lives, it’s destroys property and injuries many. Thankfully, there is something we can do. Over the years, the growth in technology used in to educate about fire safety has increased greatly. We now have many different ways to reach people of all ages. Some of this information includes: increased importanceRead MoreRespect of the Gods in the Odyssey1219 Words   |  5 Pagespulled away his clothes and looked at his neck, they had said him a solemn farewell in expectation of his death. We ll meet again in a better world, they said. He was classed among the dying and put aside on a cot to do so. But he failed at it. After two days, space being short, they sent him on to a regular hospital in his own state. All through the mess of the field hospital and the long grim train ride south in a boxcar filled with wounded, he had agreed with his friends and the doctors. He thought

The Self Esteem Of Children During The Primary Grades Of...

The objective my project was to positively influence the self-esteem of children in the primary grades of two areas of Panama City. As a future early childhood teacher, I have learned it is important to find classroom activities that build the self-images of students, while creating a respect for individual differences and future goals (Lawrence, 2006, p. 101). High self-esteem correlates positivity with the academic achievements of students (Kaniuka, 2010, p. 184). Community partners indicated the need to help children build positive self-images while promoting the academic goals of primary grade students. Our community partners have indicated that they believe such an initiative will serve to lower the drop-out rates in schools within impoverished areas of Panama City. In addition, the Biblioteca of Mananitas, and Centro Educativo Marie Poussepin (â€Å"CEMP†) of Curundu has supported initiatives to increase home reading as a means to increase academic success. Lastly, commu nity partners have expressed a desire to introduction children to English words at an early age to increase future employability across various economic sectors in Panama. In furtherance of all of these objectives, I developed a lesson plan that encouraged children to create an All About Me book in both English and Spanish for the early primary grades of students in Mananitas and Curundu. Students in kindergarten through the third grade at the Biblioteca of Mananitas, as well as the Kindergarten and firstShow MoreRelatedRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 Pages1 Socio demographic situation of Indigenous Peoples Afro-descendent communities 34 5.2 Expressions of racism in Nicaraguan society 35 5.3 Manifestations of ethnic discrimination in the cultural sphere 36 5.3.1 Ethnic devaluation and low self-esteem 36 5.3.2 Invisibility in daily public life 39 5.3.3 Ethno-linguistic hierarchy and interethnic conflict 40 5.3.4 Prejudices based on â€Å"awareness of color† 41 5.3.5 Discrimination against use of the mother tongue 42 5.3.6 DevaluationRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesRichard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking andRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages—San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee BradburyRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagespartnered with supply chain processes; this means that the cost and timing of new product releases have taken on new meaning and have new requirements. Fixed costs, which have always been a fundamental factor in managing profit maintenance and growth during fluctuations in the economy, have taken on additional management dimensions, especially for technology products, in which variable costs become low. An example is software, for which production costs can be minimal. When customers may suddenly cut

Usage of Social Media Word of Mouth - 968 Words

1. Introduction: 1.1. Usage of Social media WOM: Social media has played a significant role in consumer decision making, including such areas raising awarness, sharing information and opinions as well as postpurchase experience ( Mangold and Faulds,2009). It turns out that consumers tend to trust knowledge and experience shared by other customers on social media more than those opinions reviewed by the manufacturer or the marketer of the product or the service.(Linchi Kowk,2012) In an environment where there is a significat growth in the usage of the Social media, like facebook, twitter, whats app and so on. All these sources of social media involve the presence of the Word of mouth. Word of mouth plays an important role in marketing for a brand whether it is a good or a service.Word of mouth offers a way to obtain a significant competitive advantatge to a brand. The important role of e-WOM has and has been acknowledged as the most important communication source between consumers .At its core, WOM is a process of personal influence, in which interpersonal communications between a sender and a receiver can change the receivers behavior or attitudes . The role that interpersonal communication plays in influencing opinions has also long been acknowledged by sociologists, who identified the importance of â€Å"opinion leaders† in this process. The ability of individuals to influence other peoples opinions is of particular interest to organizations seeking to marketShow MoreRelatedBeauty Awareness Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pageslive an active life, know the importance of work life balance. 1.3 SOCIAL CULTURAL FACTORS Female professionals wives of professionals. Educated, know that there are side effect to chemical based products. 1.4 VALUES / ATTITUDE FACTORS Work life balance. Consider taking care of their skin as major priority. Looking for natural skin care products which are good money value and also good quality. 1.5 EXISTING PRODUCT USAGE Not stated 2 CONSUMER PROFILE 2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AustraliaRead MoreOnline Brand Engagement Is Different From Offline Engagement Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesof the customer’s interactions with a brand, company and other customers are different on the internet (Chak 2003). Verhoef et al. (2010) support that customer engagement consists of multiple online-behaviors as blogging, customer ratings and e-word of mouth. Furthermore, they state that customer engagement is affected by firm initiatives, customer characteristics, and environmental/contextual factors (Verhoef et al., 2010). According to Sashi (2012) customer engagement is a topic that has had an emergingRead MoreCell Phone Use And Cell Phones Essay843 Words   |  4 Pages I. INTRODUCTION A. (Attention Grabber) Have you ever witnessed disruptive cell phones usage in public? When is it acceptable, to use cell phones in public? Americans today have adapted the addiction of cell phone technology, the device accommodates more than just text or talking.Cell phone use is a problem in America and in our own homes. The existence of cell phones have changed the communication skills of many round the world. I believe the wave has sailed right along with rude public cellRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On The Development Of Mobile Technology1385 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media Media Broadcast Marketing The increase of social media and the development of mobile technology in the last decade has been significant, which has transformed the communication strategies and especially with sharing the experiences and how information should be marketed to the target audience. According to Hollensen (2014), the selection of newspapers, web sites, and TV to be used for advertising (series of actions to reach goals) needs to be done (at the same time) with the developmentRead MoreIn George Orwell’S Famous Book 1984, The Party Runs The1536 Words   |  7 Pagespredicting both modern day media manipulation and propaganda because it shows how the media can and does change the past, present, and future. In 1984 propaganda is used to manipulate the population by turning them against one man, Goldstein, as a distraction so that the Party can do as it pleases. The Party is obsessed with the idea of having power at all costs, and obtains power by keeping the public controlled. Modern-day mass media and advertising is a reflection of the media manipulation and propagandaRead MoreTrader Joes Problem Analysis1506 Words   |  7 Pagesmanaging their brand name products profitable and high in their sales report; to the extent that customers visit their store for the purpose of purchasing their brand products. This has gained them incredible customer loyalty that has grown through word of mouth. Trader Joe’s experiences high customer loyalty that is difficult to accomplish. Their customers are going out of their way share their experiences at Trader Joe’s by creating Facebook fan pages and blogs. Perhaps much of their experiences comeRead More1.Area Of Research.. . Social Media Platforms Were Few1559 Words   |  7 Pages1. Area of research. Social media platforms were few since it started to show in 1998, it grew extremely expeditious. Moreover, now, Facebook had 1.79 billion active users monthly while Instagram has 500 million active users answering the effectiveness of social media platforms in general. Also, in Kuwait, there is a rapid evolution regarding social media effect on small businesses and home businesses. Moreover, a great response from the customer s side as well. Reaching the customers and targetingRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Society Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has become prominent parts of life for many young people today. Most people engage with social media without stopping to think what the effects are on our lives, whether positive or negative. Are we as a society becoming more concerned with Facebook friends than we are with the people we interact with face-to-face in our daily lives? What will the longterm effects of today s social media use be? There are many positive aspects, but there are equally as many dangers that come withRead MoreFor Targeting New Customers, What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using These Social Networks Compared to Search Engine Advertising?1497 Words   |  6 PagesPlanning Strategy Think about an online social media network like Facebook or LinkedIn. For targeting new customers, what are the advantages and disadvantages of using these social networks compared to search engine advertising? Provide specific examples of products that lend themselves more to social networks as compared to search engine advertising. I am going to use the quote, â€Å"it takes a village† and put into the context on how social media sites such as Facebook and LinkedIn can influenceRead MoreBud Light s Current Advertising Strategy1623 Words   |  7 PagesGeneration†). Social media is the best choice for an internet advertisement, with 42 percent – over 27 million people – of the population using some form of social media (Brockman). Social media further compliments the consumer group by providing a method to share product information via word-of-mouth – an activity some 96 percent of the fifty and older age group partakes in (â€Å"It’s Official: Marketers Can’t Afford Not to Build Relationships with Boomers†). Facebook should be the primary social media target

Carusos Health Supplement Company Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Why They Should Advertise With News Corp. Answer: News Corporation (NASDAQ: NWS, NWSA; ASX: NWS, NWSLV) is a global, diversified media and information service company which help the Carusos health Supplement Company to create and distribute authoritative alongside engaging content to consumers throughout the globe. Because it the News Corp comprises businesses across an array of media such as news and information services; book publishing; cable network programming; it help the company meets its target audiences. By using the Unruly ad tech company, the company will benefits by having its advertising videos watched, tracked as well as shared across the Open Web hence reaching many potential customers in these two niches (baby boomers and young family digital media). The use of emotional audience data alongside user-friendly video formats by the Unruly will help the company advertise and massively surge viewer engagement and brand performance. The Unruly will help the company due to its secret weapon of being passionate people on a mission to #deliverwow. Thus using this News Corp, 100% viewability is guaranteed to an audience of 1.360 billion monthly distinct users crossways mobile, desktop and smartphones (Tiago Verssimo, 2014). Their Target Markets The target market for the company are baby boomers (BB) and young families digital media (YFDM). The BB are those individuals born between 1946 and 1964. They are presently the largest cohort of consumer spenders. They account for almost $230 billion in consumer packaged goods sales, or 49.0% of total sales in general. The BB are only targeted by a small % of advertising, less than five percent. For Baby Boomers Why They Should Use Print Media The BB show more trust in print advertising (newspapers and magazine) than online ads. Whereas BB traditionally comprises an extremely loyal consumer bunch, some difficulties in targeting BBs advertising exist. BB above 50 years have 2.5 times the discretionary spending power of coveted eighteen to thirty-four age group. But ads aiming BB still appear to miss the mark. Furthermore, whereas BB remain extremely active shoppers online, like many people, BB are more probably to trust ads found print media over online media. Traditional print media like magazine and newspapers showcase a huge appeal among BB and are a great way to improving advertising campaign ROI. Print media have positive impact on BBs purchasing behavior than online ones (Hilt Lipschultz, 2016). For Young Families Digital Media Why (Google, Facebook Advertisement) The young families digital media spend a considerable amount of time in the Internet through Google Ads and Facebook Ads advertising. Thus to achieve maximum visibility, boost leads and sales, and get novel clients, the business must leverage the strengths of advertising on Facebook Ads and Google Ads in concert as this group are always online (McGorry McGorry, 2017). Facebook Ads, presently, remains the pioneer in sphere of paid social. Facebook Ads has become an integral part of several business digital marketing strategies. Facebook Ads leads to unparalleled audience granularity, incredible ROI and a healthy visual platform for this target group. Google Ads allows for a broad range of Ad formats, offer a level playing field and an immense audience. Google is thus the de facto leader in online advertising. It will offer the business an unprecedented and unequaled potential audience of users (Young Families Digital media) who are actively searching for services and goods (Chaffey Ellis-Chadwick, 2016). References Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2016). Digital marketing. Pearson. Hilt, M. L., Lipschultz, J. H. (2016). Mass media, an aging population, and the baby boomers. Routledge. McGorry, S. Y., McGorry, M. R. (2017). Who are the Centennials: Marketing Implications of Social Media Use and Preferences (pp. 179-181). Tiago, M. T. P. M. B., Verssimo, J. M. C. (2014). Digital marketing and social media: Why bother?. Business Horizons, 57(6), 703-708.

Internal Audit free essay sample

This case presents the actual family-business dilemma and identities have been changed to protect family privacy. The author’s opinions do not necessarily reflect the views of the Malaysian Institute of Accountants and this case was written for academic purpose only and the author disclaims any legal responsibilities. This report will be discussed more details about the issues that arise in the company. Those issues are about the leadership, management and also accounting of the company. 1. What is the issue arise in the case of Delima? Identify the issue and make some recommendation. ISSUES |RECOMMENDATION | | | | |MANAGEMENT PLANNING | | | | | |Employment of staff | | | | | |The directors of the company, En. Zayed and Pn. Hashimah |The directors should employed qualified person to hold any | |employed a staff that has lower educational background who is |position even though they hired their family members to manage | |En. Salam and Pn. Balqis. Both of them only have seconda ry |the company. | |school background likewise En. Zayed and Pn. Hashimah. The directors also can make an interview before employed staff | |The directors also employed staffs who have no experience in |to manage the company in order to know their educational | |working. Cik Amy is young accounting graduate was employed to |background and working experience. | |manage financial of the company. | | | |Besides, the directors can hire temporary consultant to advise | |Improper organization chart |Cik Amy in perform her duties. | | | |The organisational chart was improperly drawn and too few | | |positions had been added to the chart. The chart does not | | |include distinct departments to show the organisation by |It should be properly drawn with distinct functional departments| |departmental functions. |to show distinct job description for each department and several| | |important positions should be added to ensure effective and | | |efficient control. | | | |ACCOUNTING PROBLEM | | | | | |Improper payroll system. The company paid their general workers in cash on weekly |The company should have a proper system in paying the salary for| |basis. |their general workers. It is better for the company to pay | | |salary to their staff by cheque or bank in through bank account. | |The salary of their workers not deducts Employee Provident | | |Fund (EPF) and Social Security Organization (SOCSO). The payment of the salary should pay on monthly basis so the | | |transaction can be record efficiently | | | | | | | |Lack of consistency of recording (MYOB) | | | | | |The program was not integrated which the data was not |The management should provide training or guide their staff to | |processed and generated automatically between several modules. |using the software | | | | |The document is not properly pre-numbered. | | | | | | | | | | |INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM | | | | | |Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) | | | | | |The company does not implement Standard Operating Procedure | | |(SOP) to make decisions . | | | |The company should implement SOP as a guideline for the staff or| | management itself in order to carrying out their work properly. | |Segregation of duties | | | | | |En. Zayed does not exercise his duties as properly as to | | |segregate management duties equally among the employees. |En Zayed should segregate Cik Amy’s workload to other personnel | | |according to the relevant job descriptions. For example, Account| | |payable and receivable should be assigned to the different | | |person. This is to ensure the work is able to complete on time. | | | | |Preparing the timesheet | | | |This is better for the company to implement a system that can | |The timesheet is manually prepared and recorded by the |record the time in and out of the attendance of the employees. |employee for their time in and out in the office. |For example, by using punch card, thumb print or eyes | | |recognition. So, the employee will punctual to come to the | | |office. | | |However, another way is by hiring additional employee to monitor| | |for the attendance and timesheet if the company unable to | | |implement the system due to the high cost. | | | | | | | | | |STRATEGIC PLANNING | | | | | |No business plan and budget | | | | | |No project budget and analysis prepared by individual. There must be someone planning a budget for the company to | | |ensure the company efficiently uses the limited res ources. | | | | | |The budget can be used to compare with the actual performance of| | |the company to know whether there is a variance between the | | |budgeted and the actual results. | | | |AUDITING PROBLEM | | | | | |Regulation and standards of the SDN BHD Company | | | | | |En. Zayed and Pn. Hashimah not understand the business | | |requirements when DESB was upgraded from Enterprise to Sdn. |Before deciding on converting the company to Sdn. Bhd. , the | |Bhd. Both of them actually lack of knowledge about the |directors should aware with the provision of the Companies Act, | |Companies Act, 1965. |1965. Both En. Zayed and Pn. Hashimah should know that private | | |company need to submit Audited Financial Statements every year | | |as the provision provided in the Companies Act, 1965. | 2. From the legal perspective, were they any abuses of power of the management and breach of fiduciary on the part of the directors? Yes. The issue arise is on how board members to comply with their fiduciary duty which in Section 132 Company Act 1965 to shareholders and stakeholders. There are 3 main fiduciary duties on the part of directors: a) Duty of Loyalty In pursuing the duty of loyalty the board member to act in good faith, be faithful to the organization and pursue the organization’s best interests. It means that board members must be dedicated to the organization’s mission and put the interests of the organization above self-interest. b) Duty of Obedience It requires the board member to act accordance with the organization’s rules and policies, and in furtherance of its goals as stated in the mission statement, articles of incorporation and bylaws. In addition, the board must comply with state and federal laws. c) Duty of Care Requires board member to exercise the same care that an ordinary, prudent person would exercise in a like position or under similar circumstances. Refer to the case; both husband and wife have fiduciary duty to the shareholders and staffs. They have to perform audit and meet necessary requirement for the benefit of shareholders and staffs. Manipulating situation or pursuing action that are not in line with the requirement and standards are considered as breach of fiduciary. In this case, an act of misconduct by the management that have been condemned as a breach of fiduciary duty: i) Use of executive position to derive profit or otherwise promote personal interest at the expense of the organization (shareholders and staffs). i) Another form of self dealing occurs when both of them without the knowledge or consent of their shareholders and staff, seizes for their own personal benefit a financial opportunity which should rightfully be an asset of the association. 3. Who should be respo nsible and accountable for an effective leadership and management of Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd? Responsibility and accountability act as principle agent and a people should responsible to do and done their task given by the company. In this case Delima, all employees are responsible in order to achieve the company objective. However, En. Zayed and Pn. Hashimah act as main directors are more responsible and accountable to the management of Delima Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. En. Zayed and Pn. Hashimah as main director should to know their roles and duties in order to manage the company. Even though they are not familiar to their roles and duties, they should hire a consultant to guide them in how to manage and lead company according to the standards in Companies Act (CA), 1965. Under Section 132 of CA 1965, director of company shall all the times exercise their power for proper purpose in good faith and in the best interest of company. So, En. Zayed and Pn. Hashimah need to exercise their skills, duties with the knowledge and experience. Such as, they need to know the requirement and procedure when DESB upgraded from Enterprise to Sdn. Bhd. Besides, since all decision is approved by both of them, so, En. Zayed and Pn. Hashimah need to supervise, monitoring and control the performance of employee to ensure the employee were adequately trained in order to done their job effectively and efficiently. In this case, Cik Amy needs to train to enhance her skill in accounting and financial as well she did not have any working experiences. From this, she can use the skills and knowledge in preparation of account DESB. It might be easily for auditor to express their opinion of Financial Statement DESB. Moreover, secretary of DESB played an important role and responsibility to advise En. Zayed and Pn. Hashimah to conduct the operations according to Companies Act 1965. In this case, the Company Secretary failed to advise the directors and thus was held responsible and accountable for the failure of DESB to prepare the Audited Financial Statements and filing to the Companies Commission of Malaysia. 4. Can the audit be completed without any qualification? TYPES OF AUDIT REPORT |REASON |RECOMMENDATION TO COMPANY | | | | | | | | | |Unqualified opinion report | | | | | | | |This is a also known as a clean report | | | |which is the report that satisfied with|The audit report can be unqualified opinion |Need to do the reconciliation for Account Payable, | |all audit procedure and obtain |if problem arise in the company can be |Account Receivable, Cash Book and Bank Balance. The | |sufficient appropriate evidence or |resolved by the management. Auditor want to |amount of non-reconcile payment and collection had | |departure from the applicable financial|keep relationship with their client, so that |been detected by auditor, however Cik Amy, finance | |reporting framework. |they need to help the company to resolve |executive realized that the amount of RM150,000 on | | |certain issue to released unqualified opinion|2004 is actually misrecord transaction. The amount | | |report. |should be record as amount due to director after the | | | |amount was detected as cash advance made by En. Zayed. | |The auditor need to investigate certain | | | |matter, in order to released an unqualified | | | |report. |Company need to enhance the recording of account | | | |receivable and keep it properly. In 2005, auditor had | | | |detected missing amount of RM 250,000 . However after | | | |Cik Amy make an analyzing ,the amount is actually | | | |wrongly entered in GL that supposedly record in | | | |account receivable summary record. This is happen | | | |because of the inappropriate recording and safeguard | | | |the debtor detail that missing. | | | | | | |Company need to ask BOD first before ,made any | | | |decision in term of withdrawal or cash advance in | | | |company and prepared properly documentation on it to | | | |be an evidence for transaction detail. In accounting, | | | |no personal interest can be mixed with the business. | | | | | | |Company should ask the credit notes from client and | | | |aware about any transaction regarding payment had been| | | |made to creditor so that there will be no overpayment | | | |to creditor anymore in future. The overpayment amount | | | |will give bad result to financial presentation. | | | |Company need to record properly any transaction that | | | |company made. Double checking must be made by ex pert | | | |so that no double record will happen. | | | | | | | | |Qualified opinion report | | | | | | | |A qualified opinion can result from a | | | |limitation on the scope of the audit or|The audit report also can be classified as |If auditor can confirm company follow Generally | |failure to follow the approved auditing|qualified opinion report due to everal |Accepted Accounting procedure (GAAP), then auditor can| |standards. |unresolved issues. |said that financial statement is fairly presented with| | | |the exception of the issue which could not be audited. | | | |This is due to certain matter that cannot be resolved | | | |such as the evidence of account receivable detail that| | | |had been missing. | 5. What should be done to improve leadership and management of Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd? There are many ways a company may take in order to improve company’s leadership and management. In this Delima Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. case, Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah, as the directors of Delima Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. need to take an action to solve many issues that arose in this company. Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah themselves needs to attend any workshops that related in build-up leadership and management skills. They, as the directors and leaders in the company should have good leadership and management skills to ensure the company continuously operating in good condition. Even though they only have a secondary school background, it will not be a threat to them to be the good leader to their employees. Thus, it is very important to Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah to improve their skills in leading and managing their company. For example, the segregation of duties is not fully implemented by Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah in running their company. Segregation of duties is very important in company’s management as to avoid any task redundancy, fraud, negligence, power abuse, inefficiency and work delay. Based on this case, Cik Amy has been assigned numerous workloads and some of the works are not within her job description. This may lead to inefficient works done by Cik Amy since she might be stressed with those jobs assigned to her. Thus, by attending leadership and management workshop and gain more knowledge, Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah might think the best ways to overcome all issues that rise in their company. Other than that, they also need to plan a training program for the employees to improve their skills in managing all the tasks given to them. As a manager of a department, one is accountable to do his duty effectively and efficiently. Thus, knowledge in managing his task is needed to prevent any problem from happen. Based on this case, we can find out that this company has lack of controlling and monitoring. For example, the employees record their time in and out without being monitored by any staff. This issue might be a serious problem if the employees do not being honest in recording their time in and out. So, in order to prevent this from happen, Encik Salam may ask Encik Zayed to hire an employee to monitor the attendance and timesheet or else he may request to purchase time clock machine to replace the current method. Besides, Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah need to resolve poor employee performance and eliminate any undesirable methods or behavior in order to improve their company’s management. They also may ask their managers to make a weekly report about their department or tasks. By this way, they will know what a potential problem might be happened and get prepare how to prevent the problem from happen. Thus, the company’s management will be improved. As a conclusion, the leadership and management skills are very important in running a company in order to maintain the company operates properly and in line with standard operating procedure.